The nereid Thetis, mother of Achilles, wished to protect her sweet child from his unavoidable fate, which was to meet death at Troy and gain unforgettable Fame, and for that purpose she disguised him as a girl, and brought him to the court of King Lycomedes ₁ of Scyros, the same man who is suspected of having treacherously killed his guest, the exiled King Theseus of Athens.

But some have thought that this is nonsense, and that what really happened is that Achilles lived in that island because he had conquered it.

The king's daughter discovers the trick...

The king's daughter Deidamia ₁, playing with Achilles, who was known by all as the girl Pyrrha ₃, discovered his manhood, and making love to him, gave in time birth to Neoptolemus. And because Achilles had been called "Pyrrha", so Neoptolemus was sometimes called Pyrrhus.

...and so do the Achaeans

Thetis' trick concerning Achilles' female disguise was later revealed by Odysseus, who along with other Achaeans, came to Scyros looking for him, at the time when attempts were being made to form a coalition between all kingdoms of Hellas, and sail against Troy in order to restore Helen and the Spartan property that had been stolen by the Trojan Paris.

Father dies

After killing Hector ₁, Achilles himself was slain at Troy, either by Paris, or by Apollo, or by Paris and his brother Deiphobus ₁, the same who married Helen after Paris was killed by the poisoned arrow of Philoctetes.

Prophecy calls for Neoptolemus

As Troy could not be taken regardless of the efforts that were made, ever new conditions were added by the seers as to what was necessary to do in order to take the city. So, in the same way as before it had been declared that Troy could not be taken without Achilles, now it was prophesied that Troy could not be taken if Neoptolemus would not come and fight. So Odysseus and Phoenix ₂ came to Scyros to fetch him, and bring him to the war at Troy. His mother failed to persuade him not to go to the war, and so he sailed away.

Ajax ₁ killed himself for nothing

When Neoptolemus arrived to Troy, Odysseus resigned Achilles' armour and gave it to him. This armour Odysseus had received as a prize after the death of Achilles. This is the same armour that caused the death of Ajax ₁; for the latter contended with Odysseus for the honour of owning it, and having lost, he went mad and killed himself.

Fetching Philoctetes

Some say that it was Odysseus and Neoptolemus who sailed to Lemnos in order to fetch Philoctetes and the Bows & Arrows of Heracles ₁ back to the war at Troy. When about to perform this task, Odysseus and Neoptolemus did not agree as to the method to be applied in order to bring Philoctetes back:

Neoptolemus: It is not in my nature to achieve anything by means of evil cunning ... But I am ready to take the man by force and without treachery.
Odysseus: I, too, in my youth once had a slow tongue and an active hand. But now I see that the tongue, not action, is what masters everything among men... I command you to take Philoctetes by deceit.
Neoptolemus: Then you think it brings no shame to speak what is false?
Odysseus: No, not if the falsehood yields deliverance.
(Sophocles, Philoctetes 89ff.).

Victor gives way to wrath

When finally the city was taken, Neoptolemus caught King Priam ₁, who had taken refuge at the altar of Zeus, and dragging him out of the temple, slew him at the gate of his own palace. Neoptolemus is also said to have murdered little Astyanax ₂, the baby child of Hector ₁, by throwing him down from a tower. Some affirm that Neoptolemus came to this amazing idea by activating his own mind, and that the Achaeans never decreed that the child should be put to death. But others assert that little Astyanax ₂ survived the sack of Troy, and that he was taken prisoner by Neoptolemus, who later allowed him to return home from Hellas. Little Astyanax ₂, they affirm, became then king of Scepsis near Mt. Ida in the Troad.

Reward for his zeal

In any case, when all resistance was crushed and the city was destroyed, the Achaeans divided the spoils, and Neoptolemus got, as a special reward, Hector ₁'s wife Andromache.

Returning home

When it was time to return home, Neoptolemus, following the advice of Thetis, who knew that the gods wished to cause trouble to the returning Achaean fleet, stayed two days in the island of Tenedos, and then set out for Epirus by land (see Map: The Returns), burying Phoenix ₂, son of Amyntor ₁ and companion of Achilles, who died on the way.

Battle in Thrace

Passing through Thrace during his return from Troy, Neoptolemus engaged in battle with King Harpalycus ₁, who was severely wounded by him. The king was saved from death by his daughter Harpalyce ₁, thought to be his successor on the throne. For she had been fed by cows and mares, and had been later trained in arms by her father. However, this family project did not become a reality because Harpalycus ₁ was later killed during a civil insurrection. Harpalyce ₁ then had to retire to the woods, where she lived by plundering cattle, being finally killed by shepherds.

His new kingdom

On arrival to Epirus (the Adriatic coastal region of Greece between the Ambracian Gulf and Illyria, today called Albania), Neoptolemus defeated the Molossians, reigned over them during a brief time, becoming also king of the islands off Epirus. Neoptolemus gave Deidamia ₁ as wife to the seer Helenus ₁ (son of King Priam ₁), whom he had brought as a prisoner, and Helenus ₁ founded a city in Molossia.

Neoptolemus arbiter

While Neoptolemus was king, Odysseus, who had been accused by the families of the SUITORS OF PENELOPE he slaughtered, submitted the case to him, and Neoptolemus condemned him to exile, because, it is suspected, through the exile of Odysseus he expected to gain control over the island of Cephallenia. Neoptolemus also ajudged that the relatives of the SUITORS should pay to Odysseus a yearly recompense for the injuries that the SUITORS had done to his estate. For the SUITORS, during Odysseus' absence, had a great time with many banquets at the expense of Odysseus' fortune. So while Odysseus was exiled in Italy, the recompense was paid to his son Telemachus, and consisted of barley, wine, honeycombs, olive-oil, salt, and animals for sacrifice.

Inherits his grandfather

During these times, Neoptolemus' grandfather Peleus was expelled from Phthia by the sons of Acastus and died, but Neoptolemus managed to succeed his grandfather as ruler of Phthia. Yet, it has also been said that Peleus survived Neoptolemus.

Old conflict in new form

The conflict between Achilles and Agamemnon for the sake of a woman experienced a revival in their sons. For Neoptolemus married Andromache, but based in Menelaus' promises, he claimed the hand of the latter's daughter Hermione, whom Menelaus had given as wife to Orestes ₂ (his nephew) at his return from Troy. Menelaus then, recalling his promise, took Hermione from Orestes ₂, and gave her to Neoptolemus.

The 'Punishment of Neoptolemus'

But Orestes ₂, son of Agamemnon, came with an armed force to Delphi when Neoptolemus was there and killed him.

To suffer what a man has himself done to another is called the 'Punishment of Neoptolemus', for Neoptolemus killed King Priam ₁ in a temple and was himself killed in a temple. In spite of this, the Delphians have ever since sacrificed to Neoptolemus as to a hero.

It is also said that Pylades, friend of Orestes ₂, planned the murder of Neoptolemus (see the reasons Pylades could have for plotting against Neoptolemus in the notes about the nereid Psamathe ₁ at NEREIDS).

Some affirm, however, that Neoptolemus came to Delphi to demand satisfaction from Apollo, who some say killed Achilles, and that he set fire to the temple, and for doing that he was killed by Machaereus, a Phocian. The bones of Neoptolemus were scattered through Ambracia, a district of Epirus, but others think he was buried at Delphi.

Mates

Andromache

Andromache was daughter of Etion ₁, king of Cilician Thebe. Andromache's father was killed by Achilles when he sacked this king's town.

Andromache married the Trojan seer Helenus ₁.

Molossus inherited the kingdom of Epirus after the death of Helenus ₁.

Pergamus crossed into Asia and killed Arius ₂, despot of Teuthrania, who fought with him in single combat for his kingdom. He gave his name to the city which is still called after him.

Hermione

Daughter of Menelaus and Helen. Hermione was nine years old when she was abandoned by her mother Helen, who sailed to Troy with Paris. Later when Orestes ₂ went mad, Neoptolemus carried her off because she had previously been betrothed to him in Troy. For that reason, Neoptolemus was slain by Orestes ₂.

Hermione had a son Tisamenus ₂ by Orestes ₂. It is under the reign of Tisamenus ₂, who inherited the kingdom from Orestes ₂, that the HERACLIDES returned to the Peloponnesus, deposing and killing him.

Lanassa

Lanassa is daughter of Cleodaeus ₂, son of Hyllus ₁, son of Heracles ₁.

Abolengo Album - High Resolution Genealogical Charts

Names in this chart

Achilles, Aeacus, Aegina, Amphialus ₁, Andromache, Asopus, Atreus, Chariclo ₃, Cleodaeus ₂, Cychreus, Deidamia ₁, Doris ₁, Eetion ₁, Endeis, Gaia, Helen, Heracles ₁, Hermione, Hyllus ₁, Ladon ₁, Lanassa, Lycomedes ₁, Menelaus, Metope ₁, Molossus, Neoptolemus, Nereus, Peleus, Pelops ₁, Pergamus, Pielus, Pontus, Poseidon, Pyrrhus ₂, Salamis, Sciron, Tantalus ₁, Thetis, Zeus.